Just like humans, dogs may be born deaf, or lose their hearing through trauma, illness or ageing. Some breeds, such as Dalmatians, and all white dogs, are predisposed to hearing difficulties. Deafness in dogs can be difficult to diagnose, so if you are at all concerned about your dog's hearing, consult your vet. The treatment of deafness differs slightly depending on the reason for and duration of hearing loss, but in general there are several measures that can be taken for all hearing-impaired pets.

The most important consideration is the safety of your dog. Circumstances in which a voice signal could be life-saving - such as unleashed walks in high-traffic areas - should be avoided at all costs.

Remember that deaf dogs won't hear the sounds that we take for granted. Take the growls, threats or approaches of other animals as an example. If they can't be heard there is increased potential for conflicts and fights, although with some planning and physical control these risks can be minimised.

Controlling and communicating with deaf dogs
In general, lead control is an effective way to get a dog's attention when needed, even inside the home. Voice commands should be replaced by hand signals, which can be anything distinct and easy to see - as long as they are consistent. Hand signals are also useful for dogs with good hearing, but who have lost their sensory abilities with age. Vibrations, such as a foot stomped on the ground, can also be useful.

Training deaf dogs
Once your dog learns that responsiveness is rewarded, obedience and control signals can be taught and reinforced exactly like voice commands for hearing dogs. When it comes to teaching deaf dogs to make eye contact, reward them quickly when they turn around in response to light lead taps or floor-stomping. Eye contact should be encouraged and periodically reinforced, even after it is well established.