Small, active and lively, the Parson Russell Terrier is a neat little dog with a sparkling character and effervescent personality. Standing fairly tall on their legs yet narrow enough to get into very small spaces, the Parson Russell comes in both rough and smooth coats, which are typically white with tan, lemon or black markings.
The Parson Russell Terrier breed can be prone to:
- Patellar luxation
- Legg-Perthes disease
- Primary lens luxation which is a condition where the lens moves from it's normal position in the eye which will result in vision loss and can cause pain
- Late onset ataxia is an inherited disease which can cause incoordination and loss of balance
- Spinocerebellar ataxia which is a condition that causes degeneration of areas of the spinal cord and can affects balance and movement.
Priority Kennel Club health schemes and testing:
None but there are several recommended schemes that the Kennel Club recommends which can be found here.
The Parson Russell Terrier is a friendly, affectionate and enthusiastic little dog with personality by the bucket-load. Active, intelligent and independent, the ‘PRT’ will thrive with lots of fun, training and activities but if left bored may become barky and destructive. They have a strong hunting instinct and are agile enough to scale fences, yet small enough to vanish down holes so good training and a vigilant owner are required.
| Family-friendly: | 5/5 |
| Exercise needs: | 5/5 |
| Easy to train: | 4/5 |
| Tolerates being alone: | 2/5 |
| Likes other pets: | 1/5 |
| Energy level: | 5/5 |
| Grooming needs: | 3/5 |
| Shedding: | 4/5 |
The breed was developed in the 18th Century by the Devonshire gentleman, Reverend John Russell. John or ‘Jack’ as he became known (this being a common nickname for someone called John) was a fox hunting man and he particularly disliked having to carry a terrier across the saddle whilst hunting. To avoid having his hunting hampered by carrying terriers, he developed a longer legged dog that could more easily keep up with horses and hounds, yet would remain small enough to go to ground and flush out foxes.
While studying theology in Oxford, John Russell came across a small female terrier whom he determined to be the perfect type for his purposes, belonging to a local milkman. After some persuasion, Russell managed to buy the dog (whose name was Trump!) and she became the foundation of the breed that would give Russell his claim to fame.
For many years the Parson (Jack) Russell breed was more a working type than specific breed, and as working ability was favoured over appearance, it wasn’t until 1989 that the Kennel Club granted the breed recognition.
Ideal Parson Russell owners are looking for a compact, neat dog that can be trained to a high standard, can turn a paw to anything and are economical to feed, house and transport. Whether you like long walks, are looking for a ‘driver’s mate’, want a show dog, or a farm-yard ratter, all the Parson asks is that there is something to do, and it’s with you. You’ll need some terrier experience, particularly in socialising and training terriers to behave appropriately, and either are child-free or have older/sensible children.
An hour of dog exercise a day is the bare minimum the Parson Russell requires but they will be happier with more. Do not assume that because the Parson is a small dog, they will not need large amounts of exercise. This is a hunting terrier bred to be on the go all day long, and they love nothing more than to accompany a rider on a long trek, then assist with stable duties by hunting around the muckheap and yard, then once home request a walk and some entertainment in the form of training and games. Only then might you get a sit down and a cup of tea! If you cannot provide this, you’ll need to find some alternative forms of exercise and engagement for this busy on-the-go terrier.
Small, neat and clean, the Parson Russell is easily housed in town, city or country, however a secure garden is important as they are agile jumpers and expert diggers. Secure spaces for off lead fun, and a variety of interesting routes to walk are important to keep their minds active and engaged.
Small dogs have a fast metabolism. They burn energy at a high rate, although their small stomachs mean that they must eat little and often. Small-breed foods are specifically designed with appropriate levels of key nutrients and smaller kibble sizes to suit smaller mouths. This also encourages chewing and improves digestion. Discover more about how to offer your dog a balanced diet with our easy-to-follow dog nutrition guide.
The Parson Russell Terrier can be rough, broken or smooth-coated, with a dense undercoat. Stripping is usually necessary at least twice a year, with the dead hairs being hand plucked. The breeder should give full instructions on what is required. A weekly brush through is also necessary. Find out more about dog grooming and daily care with our article.
Early dog socialisation with a variety of other animals, livestock and pets is vital as the Parson Russell has strong hunting instincts and needs to be guided in the right direction via management and kind training. Teaching a reliable recall should take priority, particularly if you intend to walk your Parson off the lead.
The well-trained Parson is easily capable of any of the popular dog sports including agility, heelwork to music, man-trailing, Rally, Hoopers and much more. With the right motivation in the form of treats, toys and the opportunity to have an outlet for his hunting behaviours, the Parson will really enjoy working with their owners and training for its own sake, so if you enjoy dog training as a hobby, a Parson Russell may be a good match.
Not ideal with very small children or children too young to follow instructions as Parsons are small enough and cute enough that children may mistake them for a toy, and as the Parson is an independent, feisty little dog who is quick to react and slow to forgive, this may be a disastrous combination. With older children interested in training and exercising, the Parson Russell may make a really fun and beloved companion.
While many dogs are traditionally thought of as being good with children, all dogs and children need to be taught to get on with each other and be safe together. Even so, dogs and young children should never be left alone together and adults should supervise all interactions between them.
For many years people have argued over what constitutes the ‘proper Jack Russell Terrier’ and the type that eventually became most common was a short legged, rather round bodied terrier, often sporting the turned-in legs and turned-out toes commonly referred to as ‘Queen Anne legs’ after the style of furniture.
Ironically it is this very type of terrier that Parson John Russell was determined to get away from in creating his longer legged dog, as these required carrying across the saddle when out hunting. Hunting involved riding at a fast gallop across hedges, ditches and ploughed fields, and a rider would be managing the reins, his whip and possibly a horn, so having to carry a short-legged terrier as well tended to end up in rather a muddle!
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