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A large, muscular, powerful dog, the Mastiff has a broad head and body, a powerful build and legs quite wide apart.
Bullmastiffs are a brachycephalic breed; problems associated with the condition include;
- Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: a condition in brachycephalic breeds (those with a short nose and squashed face) where breathing is obstructed and can lead to reduced ability to exercise, or even severe respiratory distress.
- Skin inflammation/infection: brachycephalic breeds have a short nose and a normal amount of facial tissue. This means there is often excess skin around their face which leads to skin folds. The skin inside these folds can become sore and infections are prone to develop.
- Eye ulcers: ulcers are painful erosions on the surface of the eye. They are more common in brachycephalic breeds due to their conformation, as their eyes tend to be more bulbous.
They can also suffer from:
- Hip dysplasia
- Elbow dysplasia
- Cruciate problems
- Gastric dilatation volvulus
- Panosteitis
- Dilated cardiomyopathy¹ which is a condition where the heart muscle becomes progressively weak and cannot beat properly.
- Wobblers syndrome² which is a problem in the spine that causes a wobbly abnormal gait.
- Entropion³ and/or ectropion which are painful conditions where the eyelids turn inwards or outwards, this happens as a result of excessive skin around the eyes.
- Cherry eye4, which is where a gland within the third eyelid pops up in the corner of the eye.
Priority Kennel Club health schemes and testing:
- Hip dysplasia screening scheme
¹M. Borgarelli at el, 'Prognostic Indicators for Dogs with Dilated Cardiomyopathy', 2006, Journal of Internal Veterinary Medicine
²P Sekhar et al, 'Wobbler's syndrome in labrador and rottweiler pups: an emerging concern in canines: a review', 2018, International Journal of Science, Environment ISSN 2278-3687 (O)
and Technology
³J. E. McDonald, 'The use of hyaluronic acid subdermal filler for entropion in canines and felines: 40 cases', 2019, Veterinary Ophthalmology
4P. Tamilmahan, 'A retrospective study of ocular occurrence in domestic animals: 799 cases', 2013, Vet World
| Family-friendly: | 5/5 |
| Exercise needs: | 4/5 |
| Easy to train: | 3/5 |
| Tolerates being alone: | 3/5 |
| Likes other pets: | 2/5 |
| Energy level: | 3/5 |
| Grooming needs: | 4/5 |
| Shedding: | 3/5 |
One of the ancient breed types, Mastiff-like dogs have been known in England since before Roman times having been brought to the UK by Phoenician traders. The conquering Romans were so impressed with these powerful fighting dogs that could best any of their own dogs that they adopted them and used to fight in the arenas and in the Colosseum. As they were the only tame animals to fight in the Colosseum where everything else was wild (such as lions), this is where it is said their name originated from (the Roman word ‘mansuetus’ means ‘tame’).
Over the centuries, the Mastiff was used as a powerful guard dog but also for wolf hunting, bear and bull baiting and dog fighting. When these heinous pursuits were banned in 1835, the future of the breed looked uncertain and by the end of the second World War, there were only 14 left in the UK. Thankfully enthusiasts who recognised the gentle and noble nature of the breed imported Mastiffs from the US and re-established the breed but they are still uncommon.
If you like big dogs and you don’t mind lots of drool, big vet bills and a big food bill, the Mastiff could be your dog! Ideal owners will have experience of big dogs and mastiff types (especially those who often seem to think they are a lap dog!), have a large garden and be prepared to spend several years raising, training and managing a slow to mature breed that does not naturally like strangers or other dogs. Suited to homes without children or with older, very sensible and drool-proof children.
As with many breeds, Mastiff dog breeds can suffer from various hereditary eye disorders, and hip and elbow dysplasia (joint conditions that can be painful and lead to mobility problems). Eye testing and hip scoring of dogs prior to breeding is therefore important. They are also prone to a particular bladder condition and ligament problems in the knee (cruciate disease).
The Mastiff dog breed needs about an hour's exercise a day and are inclined to be quite lazy, enjoying a good snooze in a comfortable, warm spot and enjoy a sunny garden. Do not over-exercise when young, as the breed is prone to skeletal problems, which can be exacerbated by muscle and joint strain in a growing dog.
This is a giant dog who is by nature protective of his people and his perceived territory. As such he needs a large house and a large, well-fenced garden along with access to quiet open areas for exercise.
Giant-breed dogs, as well as having giant appetites, benefit from a balanced diet with different nutrients, including minerals and vitamins aimed at supporting different joint and cartilage needs. The Mastiff is prone to bloating and stomach problems; try feeding smaller, more frequent meals to help minimise the risk.
When it comes to dog grooming, Mastiffs don’t need a lot of effort. The short coat is coarser around the ruff area (neck and shoulders), and requires very little attention; a brush over once a week should suffice.
While the Mastiff has little interest in dog training, they should be socialised when young and like any giant powerful dog, should be taught to walk on a lead and harness. A good recall should be taught but because of his sheer size, most exercise is likely to be on lead to ensure the safety of other dogs and people.
The Mastiff is devoted to their own families but they are so big and powerful that they are not idea with small children - and they can mistake the intentions of children’s playful friends.
While many dogs are traditionally thought of as being good with children, all dogs and children need to be taught to get on with each other and be safe together. Even so, dogs and young children should never be left alone together and adults should supervise all interactions between them.
